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Spectrum Books Provides Combo (Set - 2 ) Books. UPSC Civil Services Exam. Both books come with fully Revised and updated edition. 1. SAMANYA ADHYAYAN ( GS Paper -1 )_ ___ "13 Year Previous" Solved Paper with Explained Notes ( 2011-2023) UPSC Civil Services Topic-wise Arrangement. 2. ADHUNIK BHARAT KA ITIHAS ___ The advent of the Portuguese—the first Europeans to land in India who managed to carve out enclaves of power—showed up the chaotic situation in this vast land. The mighty Mughals were yet to build their empire but they never quite gained mastery over the seas; on the other hand, the colonial empires were built on the strength of the naval power of their home countries. This book reviews the turbulent period in the history of India from the advent of the Europeans and the gradual establishment of British rule over India upto the nation’s independence from colonial rule.